These include measures like R 2, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), root mean squared error (RMSE), or functions to check for vexing issues like overdispersion, singularity, or zero-inflation. The performance R-package (R Core Team, 2021) provides utilities for computing measures to assess model quality, many of which are not directly provided by R's base or stats packages. Upon investigation, fit indices should also be reported both visually and numerically to bring readers in on the investigative effort. During analysis, especially with regression models, investigating the fit of models to data also often involves selecting the best fitting model amongst many competing models. The list updates the diversity, systematics, taxonomy, scientific and vernacular nomenclature, and occurrence status of birds in Brazil.Ī crucial part of statistical analysis is evaluating a model's quality and fit, or performance. The category of vagrants showed the greatest increase (56%) compared to the previous list, mainly due to new occurrences documented in recent years by citizen scientists. The Brazilian avifauna currently consists of 1742 residents or breeding migrants, 126 seasonal non-breeding visitors, and 103 vagrants. In all, 293 species are endemic to Brazil, ranked third among the countries with the highest rate of bird endemism.
In contrast, eight species are synonymized or assigned subspecific status and thus removed from the Primary List. Ninety species are added to the Primary List as a result of species descriptions, new occurrences, taxonomic splits, and transfers from the Secondary List due to the availability of documentation. Explanatory notes cover taxonomic changes, nomenclatural corrections, new occurrences, and other changes implemented since the last edition. For each species on the Primary List, status of occurrence in the country is provided and, in the case of polytypic species, the respective subspecies present in Brazilian territory are listed. Eleven additional species are known only from undocumented records (Secondary List). In total, 1971 bird species occurring in Brazil are supported by documentary evidence and are admitted to the Primary List, 4.3% more than in the previous edition. We conclude that Brazil has not met international conservation commitments with respect to the Caatinga and, despite a recent expansion of the protected area network, only small and unrepresentative portions of the Caatinga are effectively safeguarded.Īn updated version of the checklist of birds of Brazil is presented, along with a summary of the changes approved by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee’s Taxonomy Subcommittee since the first edition, published in 2015. We show that the geographical distribution of reserves is biased, leaving some regions of the Caatinga with very little protection.
ALEXANDRE WETTER FULL
We found that less than 8 % of the Caatinga is legally protected under Brazil’s national nature reserve legislation (SNUC law), and only 1.3 % is in reserves with full legal protection.
Using GIS, we quantified the total area of Caatinga encompassed by fully protected and sustainable use reserves. Brazil committed to the Convention of Biological Diversity’s Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011 -2020, including the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, requiring protection of 17 % of terrestrial habitats. Furthermore, the Caatinga is little protected by conservation units and subject to multiple human pressures. Home to many endemic species and genera, the Caatinga has lost half of its original vegetation cover and become highly fragmented. The largest tropical dry forest is the Caatinga, in the semiarid Northeast region of Brazil. Tropical dry forests are among the most threatened vegetation types in the world, exposed to even higher deforestation rates than rainforests.
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